Rare Mutations Should I Bother with a Sweat Test?by: anjanetteopal on August 31, 2016

Imogene

Administrator
Anjanetteopal:
Two of my four children have CF-like symptoms that are mild enough that the doctor was hesitant to suggest CF. However, it runs in my family and my husband and I were getting genetic testing done for other things, so we check for CFTR mutations.
I have 444delA, and he has 444delA as well as 1288insTA.
I’ve found both of them here:
http://cftr2.org/mutation/scientific/444delA
http://cftr2.org/mutation/scientific/1288insTA
But the thing is that I haven’t found info about them hardly anywhere else, so they must be some of the rarer/newer mutations? I’m pretty sure my doctor probably already thinks I’m a hypochondriac with how relentless I’ve been trying to find a cause for my kid’s symptoms. I’m almost hesitant to bring this to him.
If we do the standard sweat test, are they going to show up borderline and then I’ll seem even crazier for asking for genetic testing?
I guess I want to make sure this is something I really need to pursue. Is it possible I’m missing something and us being carriers of these doesn’t mean the kids could have CF? Also, does my husband have CF with both of those mutations??

Ratotosk responds:
Being that your children are having cf-like symptoms and you’re a carrier and your husband has cf (two mutations)??? or is a carrier,??? IMO push for testing. It’s my understanding that the first step in getting more in-depth genetic testing is the sweat test — AT AN ACCREDDITTED CF FACIILTY. And really if you as a parent feel there is something wrong with your child(ren), you want to get to the bottom of it and at the very least treat the symptoms.

anjanetteopal:
Are sweat tests easy to mess up? I assumed any error would just be that we were negative but still had CF and lower chloride levels because our mutation was mild. My PCP is wonderful – hasn’t discouraged me from testing or trying to get to the bottom of things. We’ve just done so many tests that I’m starting to feel a bit crazy. My daughter just had a full work up with the “usual” blood tests and exams (CBC, Chem 7, urinalysis, checked for blood in stool), and everything came back fine. None of those tests really test for things that are CF-specific, though. Now I’ll be going back to say, um… one more test? And maybe for all my children?
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ERin:
f I were you I would skip the sweat testing and just have each of your children checked for those specific mutations. It’s a simple blood draw made even simpler since they know exactly what they are looking for. Your normal physician can order that test. At which point if any of your children do show to carry 2 mutations you would then need to most definitely move on to care at a CF clinic.


Also – I just want to say that you are very justified in asking for the genetic testing with or without symptoms as you know that you and your husband are both carriers.
I found out my husband and I were both carriers during my second pregnancy and my older son’s pediatrician thought it was completely logical to go ahead and do the genetics test on my older son just to be positive. I remember her telling me, “if it were my child, I would want to be 100% sure.” She was very supportive of my request. I would truly recommend it. It’s the only way to be certain and I think even if they all end up being negative it’s worth knowing because otherwise you’ll always have doubt….

Anjanetteopal:
Thanks.
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I put in a call to my doctor and we’ll see what he says. Hopefully I will be able to bypass the appointment and go right to the lab for whatever we need. Then I won’t feel like I’m wasting his time with another theory.
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We’ve really been to just about every specialist in town at this point and they chalk it all up to weird things that happen to children randomly.

(symptoms for one child are chronic rhinitis that leads to throat clearing and lingering coughs and persistant all-over stomach pain. The other isn’t even on the growth curve for weight, has stomach aches, clears his throat, and has had “glue ear” for 9 months without resolution. Our other two children have no noticeable symptoms.)



Ratatosk:
The CFF stresses having sweat tests done at an accredited cf facility; however, a friend of mine’s daughter was tested at the local clinic to “rule out cf” and the results were off the chart. So they were able to get additional testing. Sometimes doctors are hesitant to order genetic testing because of costs involved, so you have to “play the game” and go thru their steps. If you can get them to test for those genes that would be awesome!!
Based on symptoms, have they every done a fecal fat test to see if there is malabsorption/pancreatic insufficiency? Have they run any CF cultures to see if they’re culturing any common cf bugs such as pseudomonas or steno maltophilia? Things that a normal person wouldn’t necessarily culture. My child has a different mutation; however, his symptoms are mainly sinus and digestive. Does your husband have any symptoms with his two genes?
 

chris

New member
Anjanetteopal: Out of curiousity, did you determine you and your husband's carrier status via importing raw 23andme data to Promethease? My wife and I recently had the exact same carrier results in our raw data, and I have a strong suspicion that they're almost certainly wrong. Both my wife and I tested positive as carriers of a CF allele at rs121908801 which corresponds to 444delA. My wife additionally tested positive as a carrier of a CF allele at rs121908785 which corresponds to 1288insTA. Upon reading medical literature, 444delA is a mutation that is known to be exclusive to African American genomes, while 1288insTA is known to be a Hispanic variant. I'm no expert, but I would think the likelihood that both my wife and I are carriers of the exact same extremely rare 444delA mutation--only affecting 11 total patients in the entire CFTR2 database--that doesn't correspond with our Caucasian genomes is probably astronomical. I also think that the likelihood that she carries a novel 1288insTA Hispanic-focused mutation is probably really low as well. She is pregnant, so we already have an appointment with a genetic counselor, but I am taking these results with a major grain of salt.
 
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Anjanetteopal

New member
Anjanetteopal: Out of curiousity, did you determine you and your husband's carrier status via importing raw 23andme data to Promethease? My wife and I recently had the exact same carrier results in our raw data, and I have a strong suspicion that they're almost certainly wrong. Both my wife and I tested positive as carriers of a CF allele at rs121908801 which corresponds to 444delA. My wife additionally tested positive as a carrier of a CF allele at rs121908785 which corresponds to 1288insTA. Upon reading medical literature, 444delA is a mutation that is known to be exclusive to African American genomes, while 1288insTA is known to be a Hispanic variant. I'm no expert, but I would think the likelihood that both my wife and I are carriers of the exact same extremely rare 444delA mutation--only affecting 11 total patients in the entire CFTR2 database--that doesn't correspond with our Caucasian genomes is probably astronomical. I also think that the likelihood that she carries a novel 1288insTA Hispanic-focused mutation is probably really low as well. She is pregnant, so we already have an appointment with a genetic counselor, but I am taking these results with a major grain of salt.

Yes, Chris! That's exactly how we determined it. The two of you didn't have any other mutations?

Our local CF clinic and the one nearby were both a bit baffled and skeptical that he and I would both have such rare mutations, and it seems like maybe your results confirm that this is an error either in the raw data or in the way Promethease interprets it.

In any case, one of my sons will have a sweat test and genetic (blood) testing on November 1st. I almost want to cancel my appointment now, but I think I would always wonder. It's also important that clinics know that these results may pop up more frequently now that people can easily run their own DNA. If I can confirm that the 23andme or Promethease results are inaccurate, I suppose that will help people in the future.

Do either of you have any CF symptoms?

Also, my husband and I have mostly european ancestry. We do both have a sliver of West African ancestry though, and a big chunk of his European family is from Italy, so I suppose it's not impossible...
 
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chris

New member
Yes, Chris! That's exactly how we determined it. The two of you didn't have any other mutations?

Our local CF clinic and the one nearby were both a bit baffled and skeptical that he and I would both have such rare mutations, and it seems like maybe your results confirm that this is an error either in the raw data or in the way Promethease interprets it.

In any case, one of my sons will have a sweat test and genetic (blood) testing on November 1st. I almost want to cancel my appointment now, but I think I would always wonder. It's also important that clinics know that these results may pop up more frequently now that people can easily run their own DNA. If I can confirm that the 23andme or Promethease results are inaccurate, I suppose that will help people in the future.

Do either of you have any CF symptoms?

Also, my husband and I have mostly european ancestry. We do both have a sliver of West African ancestry though, and a big chunk of his European family is from Italy, so I suppose it's not impossible...

Hi Anjanette, no, neither my wife or I have any CF symptoms, and, to the best of my knowledge there hasn't been any cases of CF in our families. But as you can imagine, after finding out that my wife and I were both "carriers," I was pretty concerned initially, before delving into it further. As to the 23andme data, no we didn't show any other mutations. We showed only those same two (444delA for both of us / 1288insTA for her). (Very interesting that your husband with the alleged 1288insTA is of Italian descent -- my wife is mostly Italian ancestry as well, but they are fair-skinned northern Italians.) I have yet to find any indications of 1288insTA affecting Italy or southern Europe though -- all reports seem to be Hispanic descent with ancestry from Mexico.

While I agree this warrants further investigation, I think we're almost certainly looking at inaccurate results. I am going to contact Promethease with this information. Will be curious to know though, if you get any further evidence confirming or to the contrary. I will be sure to share as well. Thanks! =)
 

Katherine H.

New member
My daughter has one mutation that is labeled non-cf causing. The other mutation we have been told is in the gray area. We have not been told what it is. When my daughter was five she had a cough. This was the first time we were sent for a sweat test. At the time we were told that the sweat test was inconclusive. the doctor told us that it was negative and that my daughter did not have CF. I was relieved. I also learned my daughter had polyps in her sinuses. My daughter continued to get sick. Lots of infections. The doctor did not know what was wrong but he felt it was CF. My daughter was sent for another sweat test. We were told that she did not have CF and that there was nothing for them to do for us. Fast forward more years. In 2012, my daughter started to struggle waking up. I also told the doctor that my daughter is always sick. I begged the doctor to review her record. He did and said that our daughter is very sick. He asked if she has ever had her vitamins checked. I said no. He also wanted to check her stools for fat. I was willing to do anything. I did not understand what stool had to do with lung issues. The tests showed she was low in her fat soluble vitamins. She also had fat in her stool. My daughter was given some vitamins but the meds would not be renewed. Every time the prescription was stopped the vitamins crashed. It was dismissed. My daughter started to get worse. She would not wake up. She was rapid firing illnesses. ER visits increased. Hospitalizations increased. Spring this year my daughter slept for a whole week. The GI doctor put her on enzymes. My daughter started to wake up. In June I begged a CF clinic in Dallas Texas to look at my daughters case. We learned a lot. We learned that my daughter did have a mutation. The CF doctor has seen patients present with this mutation. I also learned the sweat test was 54. This score is very relevant. The doctor was shocked that my daughter was not getting treatment. My daughter now has the diagnosis of CF and is getting treatment. The military still will not recognize the diagnosis. The point of the story is that for 13 years I knew something was wrong. I kept fighting even though the doctors would say it was in my daughters head or I was making her sick. I would fight for treatment for your child. It is not about mutations and sweat tests. I have been attacked by other cfer's and parents that my daughter does not have CF because of sweat test and DNA. Since when do we dismiss symptoms. The CF treatment does not hurt a patient but it can have a dramatic effect on the treatment. A positive effect. If you think your children are needing treatment then fight for it. I do not wish my daughter had CF but I have accepted it and now do what ever is needed to try to keep her from getting worse. I have watched her lung function drop. I have seen what happens when there is malabsorption issues. It is not a pretty sight. I hope you get the help your children need. I never want anyone to go through what we went through.
 

Ratatosk

Administrator
Staff member
I always stress that if you or your child is sick, keep pushing for answers. If it's not CF, then what is it? I get frustrated when people are told because of genes that supposedly are non-cf causing or non-symptomatic that they don't have cf despite symptoms, despite there being two copies of cf genes. Or when someone is told despite symptoms they don't have cf because they passed the sweat test.... Sometimes you have to go about it differently to get answers-- stool tests, throat cultures for CF bugs, vitamin levels..... or find a physician willing to treat the symptoms, to treat the patient as if they have CF.

My child had a normal 32 for his sweat test; however, because of a bowel obstruction, a neonatologist suspected cf and had blood tests conducted. Fortunately he had one of the most common mutations, so we were able to start treatment -- cpt, enzymes, vitamins --- immediately.
 

Anjanetteopal

New member
Hi Anjanette, no, neither my wife or I have any CF symptoms, and, to the best of my knowledge there hasn't been any cases of CF in our families. But as you can imagine, after finding out that my wife and I were both "carriers," I was pretty concerned initially, before delving into it further. As to the 23andme data, no we didn't show any other mutations. We showed only those same two (444delA for both of us / 1288insTA for her). (Very interesting that your husband with the alleged 1288insTA is of Italian descent -- my wife is mostly Italian ancestry as well, but they are fair-skinned northern Italians.) I have yet to find any indications of 1288insTA affecting Italy or southern Europe though -- all reports seem to be Hispanic descent with ancestry from Mexico.

While I agree this warrants further investigation, I think we're almost certainly looking at inaccurate results. I am going to contact Promethease with this information. Will be curious to know though, if you get any further evidence confirming or to the contrary. I will be sure to share as well. Thanks! =)

Chris,

I ended up getting wet-feet about our testing. We would have to travel by plane to get the test done, and you commented just in time. We were able to get our plane tickets refunded and cancel our appointment, so we did and decided to have us adults retested with a blood test using a CF specific panel. Like you, I've read everything I could find online about these mutations and I know they are not included in most CF dna tests, so it might be a bit of a headache to get the correct test ordered.

My doctor is out of the country at the moment, so you may end up with answers before I do. Another doctor I consulted unofficially agreed that the whole thing is suspicious and it makes sense to retest the adults before the expense and stress of flying and testing the kids. Especially since the CF doctor wanted to do a sweat test AND a blood test at once on the kids to have all the info we could get.

I'll update when I have more!

Anjanette
 

Webfishr

New member
Very Similar Situation

Chris,

I ended up getting wet-feet about our testing. We would have to travel by plane to get the test done, and you commented just in time. We were able to get our plane tickets refunded and cancel our appointment, so we did and decided to have us adults retested with a blood test using a CF specific panel. Like you, I've read everything I could find online about these mutations and I know they are not included in most CF dna tests, so it might be a bit of a headache to get the correct test ordered.

My doctor is out of the country at the moment, so you may end up with answers before I do. Another doctor I consulted unofficially agreed that the whole thing is suspicious and it makes sense to retest the adults before the expense and stress of flying and testing the kids. Especially since the CF doctor wanted to do a sweat test AND a blood test at once on the kids to have all the info we could get.

I'll update when I have more!

Anjanette

Hi Anjanette and others. As I read the posts here, my wife and I have the exact same scenario you outlined. I'm 48 years old and have been having some health issues relating to fat soluble vitamins, pancreas, and liver issues. Doctors are having a very difficult time pinpointing the exact causes. Anyway, my wife and I also recently did 23andMe reports and my results returned both the 1288insTA and 444delA. Interestingly enough, my wife also had 444delA in her results. We are both from European decent although also have a sliver of Western African. Anyway, these results would mean we are both carriers for CF. We have 4 children and our youngest a son, who is now 17, has had pretty significant lung/asthma issue all his life. As an infant he was in and out of the hospital many times. His situation has gotten better as he gets older but he still has episodes of pretty significant breathing problems. We've never really suspected CF but now wonder. Given his issues and my recent issues I'm considering exploring further myself. I don't currently have any lung related symptoms but did also have some issues as a young boy. Anyway, seems very unlikely CF related but then again, a lot of these types of scenarios relating to genes are in relative infancy as far as the medical community understanding how things all link together. Just curious if you ever went ahead with any of the blood tests or sweat test after all? Or any other updates. Thanks!
 
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