Actually, prednisolone is just the pediatric version of prednisone. Both are systemic corticosteroids used to treat inflammation (lung inflammation in an asthma flare, inflammation in the trachea in croup, etc.), suppress the immune system (for transplants), and suppress allergic reactions and prevent rebound reactions (as in anaphylaxis.) There are other uses but those are the main ones. Some systemic corticosteroids are more potent than others, but they are all the same class of drugs. In this case, prednisolone is less potent than prednisone but they are both still potent drugs. My children have used them for lung inflammation, croup, and anaphylaxis. Drs don't like to rx them to children under one if there's not clearly the need, but they are still used frequently for children that young. My dd used it the first time at 9 months for a bad asthmatic flare.