Some answers for you
What are some physical problems that occur to those with CF? Don't have CF so I'll leave this one to someone else.
Is the disease linked to a specific chromosome? Yes, chromosome 7. In order for a person to be born with CF, they have to inherit 2 CF mutations on chromosome 7, one from mom and one from dad.
When do symptoms show up, and is it possible to detect it in the womb? Yes. CF is a VERY complicate disease. Symptoms can present at birth, or they can worsen as one gets older. Often times in the past, childre were mis-diagnosed as having chronic athsma when in actuality, they had CF and the breathing/respiratory problems were CF related.
Is a particular population/ethnic group more vulnerable to inheriting CF? Typically, those of european descent. There are African americans, Asians, and hispanics that I personally know with CF, but they are of "mixed" families.
About how long will those with CF live and what are common treatments used? Average life expectancy is 32.5 years (someone correct me if this has been updated). I do know they keep the acutal numbers on www.cff.org, but I don't feel like jumping around right now..... Although that is the average life expectancy, some die young and there are many on this board who are 40, 50+ years old.
Are there multiple types of CF? Not so much "types" of CF but rather severities of CF. I am sure you are probably wondering, "how does one determine how severe their CF will be". The answer is simple, but doesn't really answer any questions-there is no way to know how sever one's CF will be. Twins who have CF have different severities (of course having the exact same mutations, their CF does affect them differently). Siblings who have CF (and of course therefore have the same mutations) have different problems related to CF. This is something that the scientific field is trying to figure out and study right now. Some thoughts are that 'modifying' genes exist, but that doesn't explain CF affecting identical twins differently. Some experts believe it is environment and treatments, other experts have no clue. It doesn't really answer your question, but it's the only answer that currently exists.