<div class="FTQUOTE"><begin quote><em>Originally posted by: <strong>saveferris2009</strong></em> We are so many biotech companies in the US? Why does so much drug development occur here? Why are clinical trials conducted here? Has anyone wondered the reasons to all of these questions? Why doesn't Europe have a vibrant biotech community with the likes of Gilead, Vertex, Genentech inventing our medications such as Cayston, Kalydeco, Pulmozyme.</end quote> Simple. You will get your answer in history and in a simple principle : Brains attract other brains. Companies that need to do research and development go where there is knowledge. Actually no, they SPROUT where there is knowledge, because companies start from an idea or a discovery, not from money. Why do most things related to technology in America happen in silicon valley? Because that's where it started. Standford University. Hewlett-Packard. That's where the microprocessor was invented. Microsoft, Apple, Google, Facebook? Silicon valley. I want to create a technology company? I go to silicon valley. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_Valley It is the same for other areas of science. In the 19th and 20th century, brains (read here : scientists, knowledgeable people) moved to the United States because of all the opportunities it offered in science and research, thanks to its rapid growth. Yet, until WWII, Europe was the still the center of science research. WWII changed that. Basically, you owe your scientific leadership to the destruction of Germany and other parts of Europe due to WWII and also to the Cold War. Had they not happened, you would probably still be behind Europe. I suggest that you read this : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_the_United_States Today, if you want to do research, you will have much more success and resources if you go where the knowledge is. In the case of drug companies, you also have to go where the investors are because yes, R&D costs money. That makes the United States a damn good candidate. As for biotech, it's the same thing. Biotech is young, biotech companies are in the United States because that's where the knowledge is. There is a Wiki page about the history of biotechnology too. <div class="FTQUOTE"><begin quote><em>Originally posted by: <strong>saveferris2009</strong></em> Again, I ask - why are there no biotech firms outside of the US? You agree that US profits subsidize R&D for the rest of the world, but at what cost? DO you have CF? Are you over age 5? Because for all of human history (thousands of years), except for the past 50, your fate was death before 5 years most likely. Do you consider your life a cost to society? Do you know how much scientists' salaries cost to conduct this research? How about conducting a clinical trial - ask the CFF how much it costs to conduct a clinical trial on a medication in order ot get FDA approval. Can you quote how much it costs for a company to submit a new drug application to the FDA? Or how much it costs to fly experts, scientists and other members of the medical community to FDA HQ to discuss the merits of a drug prior to approval? The vast majority of drugs aren't even marketed. Drug development estimates don't take in to account post-approval marketing. The 1 billion plus it takes to discover a drug and bring it to market has nothing to do with marketing - the expense is the R&D, clinical trials, regulatory discussions, etc. 1 in 100 drugs that is discovered makes it to the market. YOu have to provide some sort of incentive to a person or a company to take this huge risk to develop a drug. If there's no monetary reward, companies won't take the risk of investing billions in R&D and POOF! you won't have new drugs, antibiotics, CF potentiators, etc etc to improve your health. </end quote> There is no denying that research and development costs 16 arms and legs. However, you should know that companies receive research grants from the government when they do research on drugs for diseases that are not widespread. You should also know that generics are much more expensive here in Canada than they are in the United States, so companies can make money on that. You should also know that there is a financial benefit in lowering the price of a drug so more people can afford it. You should also know that there are many non-profit organizations that do research. For example, the Toronto Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre does a lot of research that is funded by donations and grants. They do the kind of research that no one would do in a private funded system because it's not lucrative. You should also know that money doesn't drive innovation, it allows it. What drives innovation is innovation itself. Humans have a basic drive to discover things and make things better, innovate, for the sake of it, just because discovering and inventing new things is thrilling. You know, the scientific mind, curiosity. Those who had curiosity as a pure motive are those who have made the greatest discoveries. You cannot deny that. Einstein, Tesla, Franklin...
How many innovations do you think have not seen the light of the day or have even been killed because there wasn't enough money to be made out of them, even though they were a thousand times better for everyone than the less-innovative solutions for which they were dropped because they would bring in more money? Many.Lack of money and money-based motives hinder innovation. However, money does NOT drive innovation. It is a HUGE difference. Money allows researchers and scientists to follow their drive to innovate. That's all it does. In this way, investors are enablers. Unfortunately, most will only enable what will make them make money. Can't blame them, but the point is, money is not an incentive for innovation. At all. It is an incentive to FUND innovation and pretty much determines which innovations will be funded and not. Again, huge difference. .... and all of this has nothing to do with whether your health care system is privatized or socialized. You might have a point about subsidizing the cost of research and development, yet, Switzerland plays a pretty good part in the drug industry and they have... dun dun dun! Socialized medicine and public drug plans. Health is also an area where everyone would benefit from SHARING knowledge as opposed to keeping it secret to keep a competitive edge. Adopting an open source mentality to research and development would likely spur research and improve the rate by which discoveries and innovations are made by a lot. But yes, research costs money...