When you have a sinus surgery, they go into your sinuses through your nose and clear out all the infection and polyps there. I can always tell when I need sinus surgery because I get awful sinus headaches and my nose always feels stuffy. I'm not sure at what point it is really "needed", for me it is more about comfort. The surgery is not bad at all!! I have only needed to stay overnight at the hospital after a few of mine. I'm back at school and everything after a few days. They put you to sleep for the surgery, and mine have lasted an hour or 2. After the surgery, your nose is really bloody for awhile, its disgusting! lol. They last a different amount of time for different people I think...usually I need one once every year or two, but since you've never had one before I would think that you won't need one for a longer time after. well thats my experience hope i could help!