Moraxella is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria in the Moraxellaceae family. The organisms are short rods, coccobacilli or, as in the case of Moraxella catarrhalis, diplococci in morphology, with asaccharolytic, oxidase-positive and catalase-positive properties.[1] Moraxella catarrhalis is the clinically most important species under this genus.
Roles in disease
The organisms are commensals of mucosal surfaces and sometimes give rise to opportunisitic infection.[1]
Moraxella catarrhalis usually resides in respiratory tract, but can gain access to the lower respiratory tract in patients with chronic chest disease or compromised host defences, thus causing tracheobronchitis and pneumonia.
It causes similar symptoms to Haemophilus influenzae, although it is much less virulent. Unlike Neisseria meningitidis, which is a morphologic cousin of Moraxella catarrhalis, it hardly ever causes bacteremia or meningitis