Yeah, states vary a great deal in how they screen. A universal way of screening would be helpful, I think (i.e. IRT/screening for as many mutations as practical.) From what I've been able to figure out from research, there are several forms of screening that are done depending on where you live, and parents are told of any suspicious results at various stages. I personally think parents should be told at the first abnormal result. Upsetting? Yes. But it is their right to know.
Possible scenarios:
IRT, then if high, a repeat IRT, if still high a sweat test is recommended.
IRT, then if high, a df508 is performed
IRT, then if high, a panel is done. Some states screen for as few as 23 mutations, other more (i.e. 30 or 40 something.)
In any case, screening by IRT is not diagnostic; it will flag many babies that do not have cf. Most with elevated IRT do not have cf. The genetic panel is not diagnostic either unless it identifies two mutations. Therefore, any baby that has any test results that are not completely normal PLUS symptoms of concern but is deemed 'borderline' or 'just a carrier' should have more thorough genetic testing to be sure.